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In the late nineteenth century, as a consequence of imperial conquest and a mobility revolution, Russia became a crossroads of the hajj, the annual Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca. The first book in any language on the hajj under tsarist and Soviet rule, Russian Hajj tells the story of how tsarist officials struggled to control and co-opt Russia's mass hajj traffic, seeing it not only as a liability, but also an opportunity. To support the hajj as a matter of state surveillance and control was controversial, given the preeminent position of the Orthodox Church. But nor could the hajj be ignored, or banned, due to Russia's policy of toleration of Islam. As a cross-border, migratory phenomenon, the hajj stoked officials' fears of infectious disease, Islamic revolt, and interethnic conflict, but Kane innovatively argues that it also generated new thinking within the government about the utility of the empire's Muslims and their global networks. Russian Hajj reveals for the first time Russia's sprawling international hajj infrastructure, complete with lodging houses, consulates, "Hejaz steamships," and direct rail service. In a story meticulously reconstructed from scattered fragments, ranging from archival documents and hajj memoirs to Turkic-language newspapers, Kane argues that Russia built its hajj infrastructure not simply to control and limit the pilgrimage, as previous scholars have argued, but to channel it to benefit the state and empire. Russian patronage of the hajj was also about capitalizing on human mobility to capture new revenues for the state and its transport companies and laying claim to Islamic networks to justify Russian expansion.

Muslim pilgrims and pilgrimages --- Islam and state --- History. --- Mecca, hajj, pilgrimage, Russia, Colonialism, Arab world.

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Der wissenschaftliche Rassismus untermauerte seine Theorien durch eine ungeheure Knochensammlung, deren Beschaffung im 19. Jahrhundert eine regelrechte Skelettomanie auslöste. Die Jagd nach den Gebeinen der anderen missachtete jede Pietät. Sie störte die Totenruhe, raubte Leichen und schändete die Körper Verstorbener, deren Überreste zur Konstruktion typischer Rassenkörper dienten. Sie sollten Devianz gegenüber der weißen Norm demonstrieren - ihre öffentliche Zurschaustellung visualisierte und popularisierte die Rassentheorien und erlaubte den Betrachtern die Akkumulation rassistischen symbolischen Kapitals. Die Beiträge des Bandes untersuchen diesen Prozess an den Beispielen von Angelo Soliman, Sarah Baartman, El Negro und Truganini. Besprochen in: Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 18/1 (2010), Stuart Parkes Historische Anthropologie, 18/1 (2010), Ulrich van der Heyden

Philosophy of science --- Body. --- Cultural Studies. --- History of Colonialism. --- Postcolonialism. --- Rassismus; Diskriminierung; Sexismus; Leichenschändung; Anthropologie; Postkolonialismus; Körper; Kolonialgeschichte; Kulturwissenschaft; Racism; Postcolonialism; Body; History of Colonialism; Cultural Studies

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This work engages with a fundamental question in the study of African history and politics: to what extent did the colonial state re-define the character of local politics in the societies it governed? Existing scholarship on Darfur under the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium (1916-1956) has suggested that colonial governance here represented either straightforward continuity or utterly transformative change from the region's deep history of independent statehood under the Darfur Sultanate. This book argues that neither view is adequate: it shows that British rule bequeathed a culture of governance to Darfur which often rested on state coercion and violence, but which was also influenced by enduring local conceptions of the relationship between ruler and ruled, and the agendas of local actors. The state was perceived as a resource as well as a threat by local peoples. Although the British did introduce significant changes to the character of governance in Darfur, local populations negotiated the significance of these innovations, challenging the authority of state-appointed chiefs, defying official attempts to police the boundaries of ethnic territories, and competing for the resources of political support and development that the state represented. Even the violence of the state was shaped and channelled by the initiative of local elites. Finally, the author suggests that contemporary conflict and politics in the region must be understood in the context of this deeper history of interaction between state and local agendas in shaping everyday realities of power and governance. Chris Vaughan is Lecturer in African History at Liverpool John Moores University. Previously, he taught at the Universities of Durham, Leeds, Liverpool and Edinburgh. His articles have appeared in the Journal of African History and the Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. He is co-editor (with Lotje De Vries and Mareike Schomerus) of The Borderlands of South Sudan.

Colonies --- History. --- 1899 - 1956 --- Sudan --- Darfur (Sudan) --- History --- Anti-colonialism --- Colonial affairs --- Colonialism --- Neocolonialism --- Imperialism --- Non-self-governing territories --- Colonization --- Dār Fūr (Sudan) --- دارفور --- دارفور (السودان) --- Darfour (Sudan) --- 1916-1956. --- African Politics. --- Colonial History. --- Colonial Violence. --- Darfur. --- Local Politics. --- Sultanic Legacies.

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Coffee has been grown on Java for the commercial market since the early eighteenth century, when the Dutch East India Company began buying from peasant producers in the Priangan highlands. What began as a commercial transaction, however, soon became a system of compulsory production. This book shows how the Dutch East India Company mobilized land and labor, why they turned to force cultivation, and what effects the brutal system they installed had on the economy and society.

Labor & Workers' Economics --- Business & Economics --- Forced labor --- Coffee industry --- History. --- Coffee trade --- Compulsory labor --- Conscript labor --- Labor, Compulsory --- Labor, Forced --- Beverage industry --- Employees --- forced labour --- coffee --- cultivation system --- colonialism --- java --- Corvée --- Dutch East India Company --- Herman Willem Daendels --- Parahyangan --- Peasant

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The nation-state is a fairly recent historical phenomenon. Human history over the past two to four millennia has been dominated by empires, and the legacies of these empires continues to shape the contemporary world in ways that are not always recognised or fully understood. Much research and writing about European colonial empires has focused on relations between them and their colonies. This book examines the phenomenon of empire from a different perspective. It explores the imprint that imperial institutions, organisational principles, practices, and logics have left on the modern world. It shows that many features of the contemporary world - modern armies, multiculturalism, globalised finance, modern city-states, the United Nations - have been profoundly shaped by past empires. It also applies insights about the impact of past empires to contemporary politics and considers the long-term institutional legacies of the American 'empire'.

Imperialism. --- Postcolonialism. --- State, The. --- World politics. --- International relations. --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Colonialism --- Global politics --- International politics --- Political history --- Political science --- World history --- Eastern question --- Geopolitics --- International organization --- International relations --- Administration --- Commonwealth, The --- Post-colonialism --- Postcolonial theory --- Decolonization --- Empires --- Expansion (United States politics) --- Neocolonialism --- Anti-imperialist movements --- Caesarism --- Chauvinism and jingoism --- Militarism